异步服务器套接字示例
下面的示例程序创建一个接收来自客户端的连接请求的服务器。该服务器是用异步套接字生成的,因此在等待来自客户端的连接时不挂起服务器应用程序的执行。该应用程序接收来自客户端的字符串,在控制台显示该字符串,然后将该字符串回显到客户端。来自客户端的字符串必须包含字符串“<EOF>”,以发出表示消息结尾的信号。 [C#] using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
// State object for reading client data asynchronously public class StateObject { public Socket workSocket = null; // Client socket. public const int BufferSize = 1024; // Size of receive buffer. public byte[] buffer = new byte[BufferSize]; // Receive buffer. public StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); // Received data string.
}
public class AsynchronousSocketListener { // Incoming data from client.
public static string data = null;
// Thread signal. public static ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
public AsynchronousSocketListener() { }
public static void StartListening() { // Data buffer for incoming data.
byte[] bytes = new Byte[1024]; // Establish the local endpoint for the socket. // The DNS name of the computer
// running the listener is "host.contoso.com". IPHostEntry ipHostInfo = Dns.Resolve(Dns.GetHostName());
IPAddress ipAddress = ipHostInfo.AddressList[0]; IPEndPoint localEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress, 11000);
// Create a TCP/IP socket. Socket listener = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp ); // Bind the socket to the local endpoint and listen for incoming connections. try { listener.Bind(localEndPoint);
listener.Listen(100); while (true) {
// Set the event to nonsignaled state.
allDone.Reset(); // Start an asynchronous socket to listen for connections.
Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a connection..."); listener.BeginAccept(
new AsyncCallback(AcceptCallback), listener );
// Wait until a connection is made before continuing.
allDone.WaitOne(); } } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.ToString()); } Console.WriteLine("\nHit enter to continue..."); Console.Read(); } public static void AcceptCallback(IAsyncResult ar) { // Signal the main thread to continue. allDone.Set(); // Get the socket that handles the client request. Socket listener = (Socket) ar.AsyncState; Socket handler = listener.EndAccept(ar); // Create the state object.
StateObject state = new StateObject(); state.workSocket = handler; handler.BeginReceive( state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), state); } public static void ReadCallback(IAsyncResult ar) {
String content = String.Empty; // Retrieve the state object and the handler socket // from the async state object. StateObject state = (StateObject) ar.AsyncState; Socket handler = state.workSocket;
// Read data from the client socket.
int bytesRead = handler.EndReceive(ar); if (bytesRead > 0) {
// There might be more data, so store the data received so far. state.sb.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString( state.buffer,0,bytesRead)); // Check for end-of-file tag. If it is not there, read // more data. content = state.sb.ToString();
if (content.IndexOf("<EOF>") > -1) { // All the data has been read from the // client. Display it on the console.
Console.WriteLine("Read {0} bytes from socket. \n Data : {1}",
content.Length, content ); // Echo the data back to the client. Send(handler, content);
} else { // Not all data received. Get more.
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), state); }
}
} private static void Send(Socket handler, String data) { // Convert the string data to byte data using ASCII encoding.
byte[] byteData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data); // Begin sending the data to the remote device. handler.BeginSend(byteData, 0, byteData.Length, 0, new AsyncCallback(SendCallback), handler); } private static void SendCallback(IAsyncResult ar) { try { // Retrieve the socket from the state object. Socket handler = (Socket) ar.AsyncState; // Complete sending the data to the remote device. int bytesSent = handler.EndSend(ar);
Console.WriteLine("Sent {0} bytes to client.", bytesSent); handler.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both); handler.Close(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.ToString()); } }
public static int Main(String[] args) { StartListening(); return 0;
} }
使用 Net 类的最佳做法
下列建议将帮助您最有效地使用
System.Net 中包含的类:
尽可能使用 WebRequest 和 WebResponse 而不是类型转换为子代类。使用
WebRequest 和
WebResponse 的应用程序可以利用新的 Internet 协议,而不需要进行大范围的代码更改。
当使用
System.Net 类编写运行在服务器上的 ASP.NET 应用程序时,从性能的角度来看,使用 GetResponse 和 GetResponseStream 的异步方法通常更好。
对 Internet 资源打开的连接数可能对网络性能和吞吐量有显著的影响。默认情况下,
System.Net 对每个主机的每个应用程序使用两个连接。设置应用程序的 ServicePoint 中的 ConnectionLimit 属性可为特定主机增加此数目。设置 ServicePointManager.DefaultPersistentConnectionLimit 属性可为所有主机增加此默认值。
当编写套接字级别的协议时,请尽可能尝试使用 TCPClient 或 UDPClient,而不是直接向 Socket 中写。这两个客户端类封装 TCP 和 UDP 套接字的创建,而不需要您处理连接的细节。
当访问要求凭据的站点时,请使用 CredentialCache 类创建凭据的缓存而不要对每个请求都提供它们。
CredentialCache 类搜索缓存以查找要提供给请求的适当凭据,从而使您不必根据统一资源定位器来创建和提供凭据。
总结
上面是VS.NET中.NET访问Internet的一些基本概念和代码示例(包括访问Internet的各种方法和步骤),给大家参考一下。有任何建议请MAIL我
paulni@citiz.net(paulni@citiz
